[摘要] 本文通过对各国反垄断的豁免制度的研究,考察了其反垄断法演变的过程及反垄断豁免制度产生发展的背景并对其功能予以积极的评价,论证了其存在的必要性和现实意义,提出了在我国即将出台的反垄断法应进行相应规定的立法建议。
[Abstract] This paper explores the evolutive process of law of anti-monopoly and the background of anti-monopoly system therefrom thus gives its positive evaluation on its function through the study of exempt system of anti-monopoly of many countries. It demonstrates its necessity and realistic significance of its existence and brings forward some personal suggestions of corresponding regulation in our upcoming law of anti-monopoly.
[关键词] 垄断 本身违法原则 有罪推定 合理原则 破产公司原则 卡特尔 合法垄断
[Key word] monopoly, principle of irregularity per se, guiltyness deduction, principle in reason, principle of insolvent company, Cartel, legitimate monopoly,
一、 垄断的概念及反垄断立法的目的
何谓垄断?作为一种经济现象,垄断有行为和状态之分。反垄断法规制的垄断状态主要是指经济力过度集中,而垄断行为则要广泛得多。一般而言,反垄断法规制的垄断行为是指经营者以独占或者有组织联合等形式,凭借经济优势或行政权力,操纵或支配市场,限制和排斥竞争的行为。
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