45. 除此之外，产品生产工艺的领先时间、贸易秘密、配套生产、销售和服务都是比作为发明成果的专利更重要的因素。
46. 李双元，李欢：《公共健康危机所引起的药品可及性问题研究》，载《中国法学》2004年第6期，第82页。
47. See Anthony P. Valach, Jr., Trips: Protecting the Rights of Patent Holders and Addressing Public Health Issues in Developing Countries, 4 Chi.-Kent J. Intell. Prop. 156 (2005).
48. 本案例参考了 Kara M. Bombach, Can South Africa Fight AIDS? Reconciling the South African Medicines and Related Substance Act with the TRIPS Agreement, 19 Boston Uni. Int’l Law J 281, 281-283 (2001); 冯洁涵：《全球公共健康危机、知识产权国际保护与 WTO 多哈宣言》，《法学评论》2003 年第 2 期，第 11、12页。
49. Naomi A. Bass, Implications of the TRIPS Agreement for Developing Countries: Pharmaceutical Patent Laws in Brazil and South Africa in the 21st Century, 34 Geo. Wash. Int’l L. Rev. 191, at 210-213.
50. 同上文，第212页。
51. Patrick Marc, Compulsory Licensing and the South African Medicine Amendment Act of 1997: Violation or
字串3 52. Compliance of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement? 21 N. Y. L. Sch. J. Int’l & Comp. L.109, at 116-117.
53. Winston P. Nagan, Intellectual Property, Access to Health Care, and Human Rights: South Africa v. United States, 14 Fla. J. Int’l L. 155, at 164.
54. 同上文，第164页。
55. Andrew Pollack, Defensive Drug Industry: Fueling Clash over Patents, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 20, 2001, at A6.
56. Winston P. Nagan, Intellectual Property, Access to Health Care, and Human Rights: South Africa v. United States, 14 Fla. J. Int’l L. 155 165(2002).
57. 有关本争端参考了 http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_subjects_index_e.htm，以及王火灿编著，《WTO与知识产权争端》，上海人民出版社2001 年版，第 25 页。
58. See http://www.aids.gov.br/assistencia/aids_drugs_policy.htm.(last
